Chapter 7 Pretest

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Chapter 7 Pretest

Multiple Choice

Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

“The two great points of difference between a democracy and a republic are: first, the delegation of the government, in the latter, to a small number of citizens elected by the rest; secondly, the greater number of citizens, and greater sphere of country, over which the latter may be extended.

“The effect of the first difference is . . . to refine and enlarge the public views, by passing them through the medium of a chosen body of citizens, whose wisdom may best discern the true interest of their country, and whose patriotism and love of justice will be least likely to sacrifice it to temporary or partial considerations. . . .”

This discussion of democracies and republics is a quotation from The Federalist, No, 10, written by _____.

a.	Thomas Jefferson	c.	Alexander Hamilton
b.	John Jay	d.	James Madison

The president can check Congress through

a.	voting down.	c.	overriding.
b.	lobbying.	d.	vetoing.

How many states did Congress need to pass a law?

a.	3 states	c.	9 states
b.	7 states	d.	13 states

Article V

“The Congress, whenever two thirds of both Houses shall deem it necessary, shall propose _____ to this Constitution; or, on the application of the Legislatures of two thirds of the several States, shall call a Convention, for proposing _____; which, in either case, shall be valid, to all intents and purposes, as part of this Constitution, when ratified by the Legislature of three fourths of the several States, or by conventions in three fourths thereof, as the one or the other mode of ratification may be proposed by the Congress . . .”

Which word best fill in the blanks for this excerpt from the Constitution?

a.	changes	c.	by-laws
b.	amendments	d.	new interpretations

What type of legislatures did most states establish?

a.	monarchy	c.	bicameral
b.	multi-house	d.	single-house

Under the federal system, the final authority is the

a.	president.	c.	Constitution.
b.	court system.	d.	states.

Which state was the first to approve the Constitution?

a.	Delaware	c.	New York
b.	Rhode Island	d.	Pennsylvania

“The smaller the society, the fewer probably will be the distinct parties and interests composing it. . . . Extend the sphere and you take in a greater variety of parties and interests; you make it less probable that a majority of the whole will have a common motive to invade the rights of other citizens; or if such a common motive exists, it will be more difficult for all who feel it to discover their own strength and to act in unison with each other. . . .”

–Publius (James Madison), Federalist Paper Number 10, November 23, 1787

In this passage, James Madison states that the larger the society, the _____ probable it is that the _____ of the citizens will find a reason to violate the rights of other citizens.

a.	less, minority	c.	less, majority
b.	more, majority	d.	more, minority

The Articles of Confederation had to be approved by

a.	7 states.	c.	11 states.
b.	13 states.	d.	9 states.

Article II

“ Each state retains its sovereignty, freedom and independence, and every Power, Jurisdiction and right, which is not . . . expressly delegated to the United States, in Congress assembled.

Article III

“The said states hereby severally enter into a firm league of friendship with each other, for their common defence, the security of their Liberties, and their mutual and general welfare, binding themselves to assist each other, against all force offered to, or attacks made upon them, or any of them, on account of religion, sovereignty, trade, or any other pretence whatsoever.”

10.

This description of the “firm league of friendship” of states is a quotation from_____.

a.	the Constitution of the Republic	c.	the Articles of Association
b.	the Articles of Confederation	d.	the Declaration of Federation

Article V

“For the more convenient management of the general interests of the united states, delegates shall be annually appointed in such manner as the legislature of each state shall direct, to meet in Congress on the first Monday in November, in every year, with a power reserved to each state, to recall its delegates, or any of them, at any time within the year, and to send others in their stead, for the remainder of the Year.

“No state shall be represented in Congress by less than two, nor by more than seven Members; and no person shall be capable of being a delegate for more than three years in any term of six years; . . .”

–from the Articles of Confederation

11.

According to the Articles of Confederation, who appointed how many delegates to Congress from each state?

a.	The citizens of each state voted to appoint three delegates to Congress every three years.
b.	The governor of each state appointed two delegates to Congress.
c.	The legislature of each state appointed from two to seven delegates to Congress.
d.	The chief justice of each state’s supreme court appointed two delegates every three years.

“The Americans, almost to a man, believed that God Almighty had made that river a highway for the people of the upper country to go to sea by.”

–John Jay, in the 1780s

12.

The attitude of the Southern states to use of “that river” in this quotation troubled relations between the United States and Spain. Which river was it?

a.	the Delaware	c.	the Missouri
b.	the Ohio	d.	the Mississippi

“The executive Power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America. He shall hold his Office during the Term of four Years, and, together with the Vice President, chosen for the same Term, be elected as follows . . .”

– Article II, Section 1 (ratified 1790)

13.

This excerpt shows that the Constitution differed from the Articles of Confederation in which way?

a.	The Constitution said each state got only one vote in Congress.
b.	The Constitution said Congress could regulate trade.
c.	The Constitution provided for a chief executive.
d.	The Constitution said Congress had to ask state legislatures to raise money.

14.

What is the most distinctive feature of the United States government?

a.	federal system	c.	executive branch
b.	separation of powers	d.	vetoing power

15.

The book of essays explaining and supporting the Constitution was called

a.	The Federalist Papers.	c.	the Bill of Rights.
b.	The Antifederalist.	d.	The Spirit of Laws.

16.

Which state was one of two that kept its colonial charter as its constitution?

a.	Georgia	c.	Rhode Island
b.	New York	d.	Maryland

“[E]very man has a property in his own person. This nobody has any right to but himself.”

–The Second Treatise of Government, 1690

17.

The English philosopher John Locke is stating in this excerpt his belief in _____.

a.	the natural rights of people	c.	each person’s right to own property
b.	freedom of choice	d.	the right to trade slaves

18.

The movement that influenced the Constitution's architects was the

a.	Reason Era.	c.	Age of Science.
b.	Ideas Period.	d.	Enlightenment.

Article I.

“No person, demeaning himself in a peaceable and orderly manner, shall ever be molested on account of his mode of worship.

Article II.

“The inhabitants . . . shall always be entitled to the benefits of the writ of habeas corpus, and of the trial by jury; of a proportionate representation of the people in the legislature, and of judicial proceedings according to the course of common law. . . .

Article III.

“Religion, morality, and knowledge being necessary to good government and the happiness of mankind, schools and the means of education shall forever be encouraged. The utmost good faith shall always be observed towards the Indians. . . .”

19.

These articles from the Northwest Ordinance function as a part of a _____ for settlers in the Northwest Territory.

a.	plan of government	c.	land system
b.	bill of rights	d.	state legislature

“II. Be it enacted by the General Assembly, that no man shall be compelled to frequent or support any religious worship, place or ministry whatsoever, nor shall be enforced, restrained, molested, or burthened in his body or goods, nor shall otherwise suffer on account of his religious opinions or belief; but that all men shall be free to profess, and by argument to maintain, their opinion in matters of religion, and that the same shall in no wise diminish, enlarge or affect their civil capacities.”

20.

This statement about freedom of religion was made in 1779 as part of the _____.

a.	Declaration of Independence	c.	Articles of Confederation
b.	Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom	d.	Bill of Rights

21.

What were supporters of the new Constitution called?

a.	Federalists	c.	Antifederalists
b.	Nationalists	d.	Jeffersonians

22.

What keeps any one branch of government from gaining too much power?

a.	voting on a bill	c.	vetoing
b.	the executive branch	d.	checks and balances

23.

The division of powers between the national government and the states is a

a.	local system.	c.	federal system.
b.	feudal system.	d.	national system.

24.

What law helped stop the spread of slavery to the West?

a.	Ordinance of 1785	c.	Northwest Ordinance
b.	Mississippi Ordinance	d.	Territory Ordinance

Article III

Article IV

“The said territory, and the States which may be formed therein, shall forever remain a part of . . . the United States of America. . . .

Article V

“. . . whenever any of the said States shall have sixty thousand free inhabitants therein, such State shall be admitted, by its delegates, into the Congress of the United States, on an equal footing with the original States, in all respects whatever; and shall be at liberty to form a permanent constitution and State government: Provided, The constitution and government, so to be formed, shall be republican. . . .

Article VI

“There shall be neither slavery nor involuntary servitude in the said territory. . . .”

25.

Which Article from this excerpt of the Northwest Ordinance represented a new step by the United States government?

a.	Article III	c.	Article V
b.	Article IV	d.	Article VI

“The best commentary on the principles of government which was ever written.”

–Thomas Jefferson

26.

Originally published as a series of essays in newspapers around the country, as this quotation indicates, _____ were highly praised and widely read.

a.	Two Treatises of Civil Government	c.	The Spirit of the Laws
b.	The Federalist Papers	d.	The American Crises

27.

A period when economic activity slows and unemployment increases is called

a.	inflation.	c.	a slowdown.
b.	depression.	d.	a deficit.

28.

A government in which citizens rule through elected representatives is called a

a.	monarchy.	c.	theocracy.
b.	republic.	d.	sovereignty.

29.

Who was the presiding officer at the Constitutional Convention?

a.	Thomas Jefferson	c.	John Adams
b.	George Washington	d.	Benjamin Franklin

30.

Who suggested the Great Compromise?

a.	Roger Sherman	c.	John Adams
b.	James Madison	d.	John Locke

31.

What law helped stop the spread of slavery to the West?

a.	Ordinance of 1785	c.	Northwest Ordinance
b.	Confederation Law	d.	Morris Ordinance

“I consent to this Constitution because I expect no better and because I am not sure, that it is not the best.”

–at the Constitutional Convention, September 17, 1787

32.

In this sentence Benjamin Franklin says that he approves of the Constitution because he thinks that it is _____.

a.	the perfect solution for the United States government
b.	just an acceptable idea for the new nation
c.	a very good effort to form a national government
d.	the only plan that might work for the United States government

Article V

–The Articles of Confederation

33.

Congress adopted the Articles of Confederation in _____.

a.	July 1776	c.	November 1777
b.	January 1777	d.	December 1778

“There is no declaration of rights: and the laws of the general government being paramount to the laws and constitutions of the several states, the declarations of rights, in the separate states, are no security. Nor are the people secured even in the enjoyment of the benefit of the common law, which stands here upon no other foundation than its having been adopted by the respective acts forming the constitutions of the several states.”

34.

Which statement best describes the reasons given in this passage by George Mason for his opposition to the Constitution?

a.	Slavery has not been prohibited and the laws of states are equal in force to those made by the general government.
b.	No state constitutions have been taken into account and trade regulation has been granted to the general government.
c.	No listing of rights is included and the laws of the general government overrule those made by the states,
d.	A declaration of rights has been included, but does not cover the general government’s powers of enforcement.

35.

What was America's first constitution called?

a.	American Constitution	c.	Bill of Rights
b.	Articles of Confederation	d.	Republic Plan

Completion

Complete each sentence or statement.

36.

Control and use of the ____________________ River was a major issue between the United States and Spain in the 1780s.

37.

Farmers in western ____________________ led Shays's Rebellion in 1787.

38.

Under the United States Constitution, the president and vice president are elected indirectly by a special group called the ____________________.

39.

When the United States Constitution was complete, three delegates refused to sign it because it did not have a ____________________.

40.

The ____________________ divided lands in the West north of the Ohio River into townships six miles long and six miles wide.

41.

Under the Confederation, many states avoided a concentration of government power by establishing a ____________________ legislature.

42.

The Constitutional Convention agreed that Congress would not interfere with the ____________________ until 1808.

43.

The United States Constitution's system of _________________________ ensures that no one branch of the federal government can become too powerful.

44.

Two important British documents, the ____________________ and the English Bill of Rights, influenced the Framers of the United States Constitution.

45.

The central government authority under the Articles of Confederation was the ____________________.

46.

The government of the Confederation could not pay its debts because it lacked the power to ____________________ the states or American citizens.

47.

The Articles of Confederation governed the United States from 1781 through ____________________.

Matching

Match each item with the correct statement below.

a.	Electoral College	d.	Bill of Rights
b.	Shays's Rebellion	e.	Great Compromise
c.	created the Confederation Congress

48.

movement of angry farmers

49.

protects individual rights

50.

presidential electors

51.

product of "grand committee"

52.

Articles of Confederation

Match each item with the correct statement below.

a.	Edmund Randolph	d.	John Locke
b.	legislative branch	e.	judicial branch
c.	America's first constitution

53.

lawmaking branch of government

54.

introduced the Virginia Plan

55.

Enlightenment thinker and writer

56.

Articles of Confederation

57.

court system

Short Answer

58.

	Use the checks and balances graphic organizer to answer the question. Which branch of the federal government has the power to reject the appointment of judges?

“ . . . Under their own construction of the general clause at the end of the enumerated powers, the Congress may grant monopolies in trade and commerce, constitute new crimes, inflict unusual and severe punishments, and extend their power as far as they shall think proper; so that the state legislatures have no security for the powers now presumed to remain to them; or the people for their rights. There is no declaration of any kind for preserving the liberty of the press, the trial by jury in civil cases, nor against the danger of standing armies in time of peace. . . .”

59.

	What objections to the Constitution, as it was written and discussed in 1787, does George Mason point out in this excerpt from one of his pamphlets?

60.

	Other than those states with zero enslaved African Americans, how many enslaved African Americans lived in the two states with the fewest enslaved people?

61.

	How many enslaved African Americans lived in the two states with the most enslaved people?

62.

	Other than those states with zero enslaved African Americans, which two states had the biggest difference in the number of enslaved people living within their borders?

63.

	Other than those states with zero enslaved African Americans, which state had the fewest enslaved people? How many?

64.

	Which state had the most enslaved African Americans? How many?

65.

	Which two states had the closest number of enslaved people?

“We have struggled for liberty and made costly sacrifices . . . and there are still many among us who [value liberty] too much to relinquish . . . the rights of man for the dignity of government.”

–Mercy Otis Warren

66.

	In her opposition to ratification of the Constitution why does Warren stress the cost of liberty in this quotation?

Essay

67.

What caused the financial crisis after the Revolutionary War?

68.

How did the states limit the powers of the central government under the Articles of Confederation?

“Surely your honours are not strangers to the distresses [problems] of the people but . . . know that many of our good inhabitants are now confined in [jail] for debt and taxes.”

–letter from farmers to Massachusetts state officials, 1780s

69.

	Why were many Americans frightened by the effects of the post–Revolutionary War economic depression on farmers?

70.

What are the three branches of government? Describe each branch's responsibilities.

71.

What were the differences between the North and the South over slavery?

72.

What was the Three-Fifths Compromise?

73.

Which type of settler would have been more likely to move to the Northwest Territory in 1788, a small farmer from New Jersey or a large plantation owner from South Carolina? Why?